Enhancement of the shape memory effect by the introductions of Cr and Sn into the ?–Ti alloy towards the biomedical applications

The effects of the Cr and Sn addition concentrations on cold–workability, phase constituents, mechanical properties, shape memory effect (SME), superelasticity were investigated. A systematic screening ?–Ti alloy, which was slight–alloyed by Sn, executed in this work. Cold–workability Ti–Cr–Sn alloys greatly promoted along with increasing concentration Sn. parent ?–phase successfully stabilized at room temperature merely slight introduction ?–stabilizers. Perfect SME 100% recovery rate realized Ti–5.5Cr–3Sn alloy performed a good inclination overall + bending tests. Obvious two–stage yielding, inferred stress–induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) and/or martensite variant reorientation (MVR) before observed tensile yielding also explained well. excellent elongation 40% 45%, found Ti–6.0Cr–3Sn Ti–6.0Cr–2Sn alloys, {332} <113> twinning. Slight pseudoelasticity most specimens. Functional mappings could be powerful tools for future investigations, have been constructed study. possessed high ultimate strength, ductility 40%, outstanding 91.0%, after removing external stress, promising material applications biomedical materials.